How often do blood clots occur after surgery?

Posted in surgery; Posted 15 days ago by Andreas Obermair

Blood clots after surgery, also known as thrombosis, occur when a clot forms within a blood vessel, frequently identified as Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). The likelihood of developing blood clots significantly increases following surgical procedures and during prolonged periods of immobility. While these clots most commonly form in the veins of the legs, they can also develop in other parts of the body; in rare instances, a fragment of the clot may break free and travel to the lungs, leading to a serious condition called pulmonary embolism (PE).

The frequency of blood clots after surgery varies based on several factors, including the type of surgery, the length of the surgery, and the patient’s health history. 

• Minor Surgeries: For less invasive procedures, the risk of DVT/PE is low. However, clots can still occur, particularly if the patient has additional risk factors like obesity or a history of clotting disorders.
• Major Surgeries: After major surgeries, such as hysterectomy, the risk of DVT/PE is higher. The risk of pulmonary embolism for a healthy woman having a hysterectomy is estimated to be less than 1 in 100.

Risk factors for blood clots

Understanding and identifying your risk factors can help manage and potentially reduce the likelihood of developing blood clots.

Common risk factors include:

• Previous history. If you have had a DVT/PE before, you may be at higher risk.
• Family history. A family history of clotting disorders can increase your risk.
• Age and weight. Older age and obesity can both contribute to a higher risk.
• Medical conditions. Conditions such as cancer can also increase the risk.
• Smoking. Smoking increases the risk of developing DVT/PE.
• Prolonged immobility. Extended periods of sitting or lying down post-surgery can elevate risk.
• Medications. Some medications can raise the risk of blood clots, particularly hormone-containing medications.

How we prevent blood clots

Preventing blood clots is a key part of my routine post-surgical care. Here are some strategies we use in my practice:

1. Medications. All patients who need an overnight stay have blood thinners prescribed. If I am concerned about the risk of excessive bleeding, I will withhold the blood thinner for a day or two.
2. Prolonged anticoagulation. Patients who have had a laparotomy for cancer will have blood thinners up to 30 days after being discharged home.
3. Compression stocking. Using compression stockings can help improve blood flow in the legs and reduce clot risk. This may be useful for those patients who need to travel for several hours following their surgery in Brisbane.
4. Physical activity. Gentle movement and exercises can improve circulation. Whenever possible we will mobilise patients on the day or the day after a major surgical procedure with the help of experienced physiotherapy staff.
5. Hydration. Staying well-hydrated before and after surgery is important as dehydration can increase clot risk.

How to recognise blood clot symptoms

Early detection is critical for managing blood clots. Common symptoms include:

• Swelling. Especially in one leg.
• Pain. Often described as cramping or soreness.
• Redness or warmth. In the area of the clot.
• Shortness of breath. If a clot travels to the lungs (pulmonary embolism), it can cause sudden breathing difficulties and chest pain.

While blood clots are a serious concern after surgery, understanding the risk and taking preventive measures can significantly reduce your chances of developing them. Always discuss your specific risk factors and preventive options with me or my practice doctor to ensure a safe and smooth recovery.

Dr Andreas Obermair is a gynaecological oncologist based in Brisbane. If you wish to receive regular information, resources, reassurance and inspiration for up-to-date care that is safe and sound and in line with the latest research, please subscribe to this blog via the form, or like Dr Andreas Obermair on Facebook.