Understanding the Signs and Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer

Posted in ovarian cancer, symptoms; Posted 2 months ago by Andreas Obermair

Ovarian cancer, often referred to as the "silent killer," can be challenging to detect early due to its subtle symptoms. Ovarian cancer originates in the ovaries, which are part of the female reproductive system. Recognising the signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment. Here’s an overview to help you understand what to watch for and when to seek medical advice.

Common Signs and Symptoms

While ovarian cancer may not always present clear symptoms, there are some common signs to be aware of:

Abdominal Bloating or Swelling: Persistent bloating that doesn’t go away is a common symptom. It can make your abdomen feel full or swollen, and it may be accompanied by discomfort or pain. This is different to feeling bloated in the evenings only.

Pelvic Pain or Discomfort: Pain in the pelvic area, which can be dull or sharp, is another indicator. This pain might be persistent or come and go.

Frequent Urination: An increased urge to urinate or feeling the need to urinate frequently, even when your bladder isn’t full, can be a warning sign.

Changes in Appetite: Loss of appetite or feeling full quickly after eating small amounts can be linked to ovarian cancer. Conversely, some may experience an increase in appetite.

Unexplained Weight Loss or Gain: Significant changes in weight without a clear cause can be a symptom of ovarian cancer. Weight loss is more common, but weight gain can also occur.

Fatigue: Persistent fatigue or feeling unusually tired, even after adequate rest, is worrying.

Digestive Issues: Symptoms such as nausea, constipation, or changes in bowel habits may occur, often alongside abdominal discomfort.

Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding or Discharge: While less common, abnormal bleeding or discharge not related to menstruation, or after menopause, should be evaluated.

Back Pain: Persistent lower back pain that doesn’t have an obvious cause can sometimes be linked to ovarian cancer.

When to See a Doctor

If you experience any of these symptoms consistently, particularly if they are new or worsening, it is essential to consult your GP in the first instance. Early evaluation can help determine the cause and rule out ovarian cancer or other conditions.

I also recommend having a low threshold to see your GP if you developed combinations of the above symptoms.

Risk Factors for Ovarian Cancer

Understanding your risk factors can also aid in early detection:

• Family History: A family history of ovarian cancer or other cancers, such as breast or colorectal cancer, can increase risk.
• Genetic Mutations: Certain genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, can elevate the risk of ovarian cancer.
• Age: Women over 50, particularly those who have gone through menopause, are at a higher risk.
• Reproductive History: Women who have never been pregnant or those with a history of infertility may have a higher risk.

I recommend your GP should examine your belly and, if you have not had tests recently, refer you to an ultrasound of the pelvis and the abdomen. Ultrasound does not use radiation and is available even outside large metropolitan centres.

If the ultrasound is suspicious, blood tests and a CT scan might be the next steps. However, we are also need to be clear that all the above symptoms are unspecific and may well point to some completely different issues, such as bowel issues, urinary tract infections or thyroid problems, to name a few.

Conclusion

Early detection of ovarian cancer can significantly impact treatment outcomes and survival rates. Being aware of the symptoms and risk factors, and seeking medical advice promptly if you notice any concerning signs, is crucial for your health. Regular check-ups and communication with your GP can help in managing and mitigating the risk of ovarian cancer.

Remember, while these symptoms can be associated with ovarian cancer, they can also be caused by other, less serious conditions. Therefore, it’s important to get a professional evaluation for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate care.

Your GP is the first medical professional to seek help from. As a gynaecological oncologist, your GP can refer to me in case of any concerns.

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